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10 Diabetes Skin Problems You Should Know
People with diabetes are prone to developing skin problems, such as skin sores or a leg rash, often as a result of high blood sugar levels. In fact, some skin problems can be warning signs of diabetes in those who are undiagnosed. The good news is that most skin problems associated with diabetes can be prevented or treated easily if they’re caught early.
“For the most part, control of diabetes can help with related skin issues,” says Justin Ko, MD, the director and chief of medical dermatology at Stanford Health Care in Palo Alto, California. “For the skin, moisturization; checking feet and legs daily for any blisters, sores, and skin breaks (especially between the toes); and nail care are all extremely important. Nail and foot fungus can lead to skin cracks and breaks, allowing bacteria to enter and cause infection.”
If you notice any skin problems, see a dermatologist or your primary care provider for proper treatment.
1
Bacterial Skin Infections

Although anyone can get bacterial skin infections, people with diabetes are more prone to them. Typical bacterial skin problems that tend to trouble people with diabetes include eyelid styes, boils, nail infections, and carbuncles (deep infections of the skin and the tissue underneath). Usually, the area around the infection will be hot, red, painful, and swollen. Treatment with antibiotic creams or pills often clears up these skin problems.
2
Fungal Infections

People with diabetes are susceptible to fungal infections, especially one called Candida albicans. This yeast-like fungus creates a red, itchy rash, frequently surrounded by small blisters and scales, that’s usually found in warm, moist areas like armpits or between the toes. Other common fungal infections for people with diabetes include ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot, and vaginal yeast infections. Talk to your doctor about the best medication to treat fungal skin problems.
3
Itchy Skin

Itchy skin can have many causes. In people with diabetes, a yeast infection, dry skin, or poor circulation may be the root cause. When poor blood flow is the culprit, the lower legs may be the itchiest part of the body. To stop your skin from crawling, consider bathing less often, and use mild soap when you do. Slather on lotion to moisturize dry skin, but avoid applying it between your toes.
4
Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a skin problem in which the cells that make melanin (brown pigmentation) are destroyed, leading to irregular, blotchy patches that often occur on the hands, face, or chest. Experts believe vitiligo is caused by an autoimmune condition and is often associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. There’s no cure, but light therapy and steroids are used to manage vitiligo. If you have the condition, it’s important to wear sunscreen with at least 30 SPF, since depigmented skin lacks natural sun protection.
5
Neuropathy-Related Skin Problems

Diabetes can cause nerve damage called neuropathy. Sometimes the damage caused by this common diabetes complication leads to a loss of sensation in the feet. If you step on something and injure your foot or develop a blister, you may not be able to feel it. An open skin sore called a foot ulcer can develop and could get infected. Take a look at your feet every day to make sure they are not injured in any way.
6
Diabetic Blisters

While rare, people with diabetes sometimes erupt in blisters (bullosis diabeticorum). The blisters occur on the backs of fingers, hands, toes, feet, and sometimes on the legs or forearms. These skin sores resemble burn blisters. Having diabetic neuropathy puts you at higher risk of developing these blisters. The good news: These blisters are usually painless and heal on their own in a few weeks. In the event that they persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider on the best treatment plan for you.
7
Eruptive Xanthomatosis

Uncontrolled diabetes can cause eruptive xanthomatosis, which is characterized by firm yellow pea-like growths on the skin. The bumps have a red halo around them and may itch. They’re typically found on the backs of hands, feet, arms, and buttocks. This skin problem usually strikes young men with high cholesterol and very high triglycerides (fat in the blood). Getting blood glucose levels under control is the main treatment for these skin sores. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to help lower your cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
8
Digital Sclerosis

Digital sclerosis is a condition that causes thick, tight, waxy skin to develop on the backs of the hands. Common among people with type 1 diabetes, digital sclerosis causes the finger joints to stiffen and become difficult to move. Sometimes this skin problem occurs on the toes and forehead as well. Rarely, knees, ankles, or elbows may stiffen. Again, good blood sugar control is the only treatment. Moisturizer may help soften the skin, and physical therapy may help improve the range of motion of joints affected by the condition.
9
Granuloma Annulare

This skin problem can affect people with insulin-dependent diabetes. It causes raised, bumpy, or ring-shaped spots that are skin colored, red, or red-brown. Granuloma annulare most often occur on the fingers, with some people reporting mild itching. Typically, medical treatment isn’t needed because the rash usually disappears on its own without leaving scars. But ask your doctor if a topical steroid like hydrocortisone could help improve your skin problems.
10
Acanthosis Nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans causes skin problems in body folds, turning the skin creases dark, thick, and velvety. This diabetes-related skin problem usually develops in people who are very overweight or have obesity and is associated with insulin resistance. There’s no cure, but losing weight may improve the skin’s appearance. If you have this skin problem and haven’t been diagnosed with diabetes, talk to your doctor.
The Takeaway
- People with diabetes are prone to developing a wide range of skin problems, many of which can be prevented or treated easily if they’re caught early.
- Consistent blood sugar control and a thoughtful skin care regimen are key to avoiding many of these diabetes-related skin problems.
- If you notice any skin problems, talk to your doctor or dermatologist for prompt, effective treatment and to avoid future complications.
Resources We Trust
- Mayo Clinic: Diabetes Care: 10 Ways to Avoid Complications
- American Academy of Dermatology Association: Dermatologist-Recommended Skin Care for People With Diabetes
- American Diabetes Association: Diabetes and Skin Complications
- Kaiser Permanente: Caring for Your Skin When You Have Diabetes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Diabetes and Your Skin