3 Causes of Leg Pain When Climbing Stairs and When to See a Doctor

Leg pain is often a symptom of injury or overworked muscles, but it can also be related to poor circulation or disorders of the spine. If your leg pain occurs or worsens while climbing stairs, this is an important clue for your doctor to know.

If the cause isn't clearly related to an injury or overuse, see your doctor for an evaluation of your symptoms.

1. Muscle and Tendon Problems

Most leg pain is a consequence of injury or overuse, caused by sports, exercise, or even everyday activities, according to OrthoInfo.

Leg pain can stem from a sprain, which is a stretched or torn ligament, or from strains, which are injuries to the muscles or tendons. Musculoskeletal pain can occur suddenly or build up and get worse over time.

Although most sprains, strains, or inflammation affecting the soft tissues in the calf, thigh, or knee can cause leg pain whether active or at rest, these injuries can also get worse with weight-bearing activities such as stair climbing or walking up hills.

2. Nerve Leg Pain

Sometimes the source of leg pain is your nerves. One such example is piriformis syndrome, which occurs when the piriformis muscle that runs from the lower spine to the top of the thigh bone presses against the sciatic nerve, which runs down the back of each leg, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. This syndrome can cause pain in the buttocks, thigh, calf, and foot, and the pain can be more intense when climbing stairs.

Other back problems can also lead to leg pain, such as a herniated disk, which can irritate the nerves that lead to the legs and feet, according to OrthoInfo.

Spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal column, also places extra pressure on the nerves of the spine, including the ones that lead to the legs and feet, according to OrthoInfo. However, the pain from these problems may be ongoing and not specific to walking inclines or climbing stairs.

3. Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood from your heart to your legs and feet become partially or completely blocked, according to Mayo Clinic.

PAD is usually caused by a hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, and a classic symptom is cramping or pain in the affected leg — particularly when walking or climbing stairs.

Other signs of PAD include:

• Muscle cramping in the arms or legs (usually the calf)
• Numbness or weakness in the legs
• Coldness in the lower legs or feet
• Skin discoloration or shininess on the legs
• Hair loss on the legs

When to See a Doctor

If you have pain in your legs that is clearly related to a sports injury or recent overuse of leg muscles, home care measures such as RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) can improve your symptoms, according to Cleveland Clinic.

There are many different causes of leg pain — some very serious — and it's important that your doctor evaluate the cause of any ongoing or severe pain. If your pain doesn't improve or if you have leg pain that occurs whenever you walk or climb stairs, let your doctor know.

‌See your doctor as soon as possible if you have any signs of PAD, and seek immediate medical attention if your leg pain is accompanied by tissue redness, swelling, or fever.