Opioid Addiction - All Articles

Common Questions & Answers

Allison Buttarazzi, MD
Medical Reviewer
Allison Buttarazzi, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine and lifestyle medicine, and is a certified health and well-being coach. In her primary care practice, Dr. Buttarazzi focuses on lifestyle medicine to help her patients improve their health and longevity, and her passion is helping patients prevent and reverse chronic diseases (like heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes) by improving their lifestyle habits.
She is a graduate of Tufts University School of Medicine and completed a residency at Maine Medical Center. Diagnosed with celiac disease during medical school, she realized the power of improving one's health through diet and lifestyle habits, which she later incorporated into her practice.

Justin Laube, MD
Medical Reviewer
Justin Laube, MD, is a board-certified integrative and internal medicine physician, a teacher, and a consultant with extensive expertise in integrative health, medical education, and trauma healing.
He graduated with a bachelor's in biology from the University of Wisconsin and a medical degree from the University of Minnesota Medical School. During medical school, he completed a graduate certificate in integrative therapies and healing practices through the Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing. He completed his three-year residency training in internal medicine at the University of California in Los Angeles on the primary care track and a two-year fellowship in integrative East-West primary care at the UCLA Health Center for East-West Medicine.
He is currently taking a multiyear personal and professional sabbatical to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, disease, and the processes of healing. He is developing a clinical practice for patients with complex trauma, as well as for others going through significant life transitions. He is working on a book distilling the insights from his sabbatical, teaching, and leading retreats on trauma, integrative health, mindfulness, and well-being for health professionals, students, and the community.
Previously, Dr. Laube was an assistant clinical professor at the UCLA Health Center for East-West Medicine and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, where he provided primary care and integrative East-West medical consultations. As part of the faculty, he completed a medical education fellowship and received a certificate in innovation in curriculum design and evaluation. He was the fellowship director at the Center for East-West Medicine and led courses for physician fellows, residents, and medical students.

Adam Lake, MD
Medical Reviewer
Adam Lake, MD, is a family physician with expertise in LGBTQIA+ health, as well as an HIV specialist and addiction medicine specialist. He is medical director of a clinic specializing in primary care, HIV, and gender-affirming care. He received a bachelor's in biochemistry with an interdisciplinary concentration in linguistics from Grinnell College in Iowa in 2006. He then completed his MD at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. He completed his family medicine residency, HIV area of concentration, and population health fellowship at Lancaster General Health in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 2015.
Dr. Lake is an actively practicing physician with primary areas of interest in the intersectionality of marginalized populations and empowering people's health journey with compassion and collaboration. His work focuses on meeting people where they are and bringing care to them. His clinic has expanded access to STD testing and access to preexposure prophylaxis against HIV, and he serves as the tuberculosis physician for his local office of the department of health.
In addition to his work as a physician and for Everyday Health, Lake frequently teaches students and residents, lectures regionally and nationally on related topics, and has published in national journals.

Kara Smythe, MD
Medical Reviewer
Kara Smythe, MD, has been working in sexual and reproductive health for over 10 years. Dr. Smythe is a board-certified fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and her interests include improving maternal health, ensuring access to contraception, and promoting sexual health.
She graduated magna cum laude from Florida International University with a bachelor's degree in biology and earned her medical degree from St. George’s University in Grenada. She completed her residency in obstetrics and gynecology at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York. She worked in Maine for six years, where she had the privilege of caring for an underserved population.
Smythe is also passionate about the ways that public health policies shape individual health outcomes. She has a master’s degree in population health from University College London and recently completed a social science research methods master's degree at Cardiff University. She is currently working on her PhD in medical sociology. Her research examines people's experiences of accessing, using, and discontinuing long-acting reversible contraception.
When she’s not working, Smythe enjoys dancing, photography, and spending time with her family and her cat, Finnegan.

Patrice A. Harris, MD, MA, FAPA
Medical Reviewer
Dr. Patrice Harris is Everyday Health's chief health and medical editor and the CEO and cofounder of eMed, a digital healthcare company. She is a board-certified psychiatrist in Atlanta with diverse experience as a private practicing physician, a county public health officer, and a patient advocate with experience in policy, legislative, and government affairs. She was the 174th president of the American Medical Association (AMA) and the first African American woman elected to the position. She is also a visiting professor of psychiatry at the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Dr. Harris served on the AMA Board of Trustees from 2011 through June 2021 and as chair of the board from 2016 to 2017. Prior to serving on the board, she honed her broad knowledge and deep understanding of healthcare issues through various leadership roles within the AMA, including many years on the AMA Council on Legislation — and one term as chair — and on multiple AMA task forces on topics such as health information technology, payment and delivery reform, and private contracting.
Dr. Harris also led the AMA’s efforts to end the opioid epidemic, serving as chair of the AMA Opioid Task Force from its inception in 2014 until June 2021, during which time the task force worked across every state to eliminate barriers to treatment; provide patients with access to affordable, non-opioid pain care; and fight the stigma faced by those with substance use disorders.
Outside of the AMA, Dr. Harris has held leadership positions with the American Psychiatric Association, the Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association, the Medical Association of Georgia, and as chair of the Big Cities Health Coalition, a forum composed of leaders from America's largest metropolitan health departments. She is a member of the steering committee of the Atlanta Regional Collaborative for Health Improvement (ARCHI) and is on the board of the Georgia AIDS Coalition. She has also served on the boards of the Georgia National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the Mental Health Association of Georgia
Growing up in Bluefield, West Virginia, Dr. Harris dreamt of entering medicine at a time when few women of color were encouraged to become physicians. She spent her formative years at West Virginia University in Morgantown, earning a bachelor of arts in psychology, a master of arts in counseling psychology, and ultimately her doctor of medicine degree in 1992. It was during this time that her passion for helping children emerged.
After receiving her MD, Dr. Harris completed her psychiatry residency and fellowships in child and adolescent psychiatry and forensic psychiatry at the Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta. She also served as the senior policy fellow at the Barton Child Law and Policy Center at the Emory University School of Law.
Two themes that govern Dr. Harris’s professional life are a passion to improve the lives of children, and service to others. A recognized expert in children’s mental health and childhood trauma, she has led efforts on both local and national levels to integrate public health and behavioral health into overall healthcare and to provide support for employment, housing, and education to address the social determinants of health. She has long been a mentor and role model to others, as well as an advocate.
Dr. Harris is a highly sought after speaker at national and international conferences and has given invited lectures and presentations on COVID-19, children’s mental health, childhood trauma, the integration of mental health into overall health services, health equity, health policy, and the intersection of athletics and health. She has been a guest expert on multiple national radio and television networks, including CNN, MSNBC, Fox, and NPR. She has also received numerous awards in recognition of her service and leadership.
Dr. Harris is a fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, an adjunct assistant professor in the Emory Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and an adjunct clinical assistant professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta.
In her spare time, Dr. Harris loves to travel, especially if a beach destination is involved. She is both a self-described foodie and shoe fanatic who is devoted to her hometown sports teams: the Atlanta Braves, Falcons, Hawks, and Atlanta United. The WVU Mountaineers of her beloved alma mater are also always close to her heart.

Heidi Green, MD
Medical Reviewer
In her private practice, Dr. Green provides psychiatric consultative services and offers an office-based buprenorphine maintenance program to support recovery from opioid addictions. She enjoys offering lifestyle medicine consultation to those interested in maximizing their emotional and physical health by replacing unhealthy behaviors with positive ones, such as eating healthfully, being physically active, managing stress, avoiding risky substance use, improving sleep, and improving the quality of their relationships.
At the opioid treatment programs, Green serves as medical director, working with a team of counselors, nurses, and other medical providers. The programs provide evidence-based treatment (including buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone) for persons suffering from opioid use disorders (such as addictions to heroin, fentanyl, or prescription pain medications).
Previously, Green has worked in community health and mental health settings where she provided consultation to behavioral health teams, integrated care teams, substance abuse intensive outpatient programs, and a women’s perinatal residential program. She also enjoyed supervising residents in her prior role as assistant consulting professor to the department of psychiatry at Duke University School of Medicine. During her training at the UNC department of psychiatry, she was honored to serve as chief resident, clinical instructor of psychiatry, and psychotherapy supervisor.
Green is passionate about the years we can add to our life and the life we can add to our years through lifestyle medicine! She focuses on maintaining her own healthy lifestyle through work-life balance, contemplative practices, and eating a plant-based diet. She finds joy through a continual growth mindset, shared quality time with her partner, and time spent outdoors backpacking and mountain biking.

Seth Gillihan, PhD
Medical Reviewer
- Opioids. National Institute on Drug Abuse. November 2024.
- Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). MedlinePlus.
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