Dry Eyes - All Articles

FAQ
Environmental irritants, skin diseases that affect the eyes, hormonal changes in women, allergies, eye surgery, and chronic inflammation can cause dry eyes. Not blinking enough, taking certain medications, having vitamin deficiencies, and long-term contact lens use can also contribute.
Common dry eye symptoms include stinging, burning, itchiness, redness, pain, and a feeling that something is stuck in your eye. You may also notice stringy discharges, briefly blurry vision, temporarily watery eyes, increased light sensitivity, and heavy eyelids.
Eye doctors, or ophthalmologists, can closely examine different parts of the eye, including the eyelids and cornea, to make a diagnosis. They will also conduct tests to measure tear production and quality using a special dye.
For mild cases, various over-the-counter artificial tears are available. More severe dry eye may require prescription eye drops or nasal sprays with cyclosporine, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and tear-preserving or tear-stimulating agents. Surgical procedures are also available.
Looking away from your computer screen every 20 minutes, blinking regularly, and using eye protection when there is strong wind may relieve or prevent dry eyes. Drinking enough water, stopping smoking, and removing makeup daily can also help.

Edmund Tsui, MD
Medical Reviewer
Edmund Tsui, MD, is an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Jules Stein Eye Institute in the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
He earned his medical degree from Dartmouth. He completed an ophthalmology residency at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine, where he was chief resident, followed by a fellowship in uveitis and ocular inflammatory disease at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology at the University of California in San Francisco.
Dr. Tsui is committed to advancing the field of ophthalmology. His research focuses on utilizing state-of-the-art ophthalmic imaging technology to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of uveitis. He is a co-investigator in several multicenter clinical trials investigating therapeutics for uveitis. He is the author of over 80 peer-reviewed publications and has given talks at national and international conferences.
Along with his clinical and research responsibilities, Tsui teaches medical students and residents. He is on the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology's professional development and education committee, as well as the advocacy and outreach committee, which seeks to increase funding and awareness of vision research. He also serves on the editorial board of Ophthalmology and the executive committee of the American Uveitis Society.

Sanjai Sinha, MD
Medical Reviewer
Dr. Sinha did his undergraduate training at the University of California in Berkeley, where he graduated magna cum laude. He earned his medical degree at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1998 and completed his internship and residency training at the New York University School of Medicine in 2001. Subsequently, he worked with the Department of Veterans Affairs from 2001 to 2012 and held faculty appointments at both the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
In 2006, he won the VISN3 Network Director Award for Public Service and a commendation from the secretary of Veterans Affairs for his relief work after Hurricane Katrina. He joined Weill Cornell Medical College in 2012, where he is an assistant professor of clinical medicine and the director of the care management program, as well as a practicing physician.
In addition to his work for Everyday Health, Sinha has written for various publications, including Sharecare and Drugs.com; published numerous papers in peer-reviewed medical journals, such as the Journal of General Internal Medicine; and presented at national conferences on many healthcare delivery topics. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians.

Michael W. Stewart, MD
Medical Reviewer
Michael W. Stewart, MD, is professor and chairman of ophthalmology at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, and the Knights Templar Eye Foundation Professor of Ophthalmology Research. He graduated with honors in chemistry from Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and from the McGill University Faculty of Medicine in Montreal. He completed an internship in internal medicine at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami and an ophthalmology residency at Emory University in Atlanta. Dr. Stewart completed vitreoretinal fellowships at Touro Infirmary in New Orleans and at the University of California Davis.
His research interests include diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, and infectious retinitis. He has a particular interest in retinal pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and the mathematical modeling of ocular diseases and treatments.

Brittni Scruggs, MD, PhD
Medical Reviewer
Brittni Scruggs, MD, PhD, is an adult and pediatric vitreoretinal surgeon at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. In addition to her clinical practice, Dr. Scruggs teaches medical students, graduate students, residents, and fellows, and she participates in several clinical trials for inherited retinal diseases. As one of the principal investigators in the Mayo Retinal Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Scruggs focuses on the optimization of gene therapy and cell-based therapy for improved safety and efficacy in patients with retinal degeneration. She is a member of the Mayo Gene Therapy Working Group.

Ghazala O'Keefe, MD
Medical Reviewer
She is the lead editor of the EyeWiki uveitis section. She is a member of the executive committee of the American Uveitis Society and was inducted into the International Uveitis Study Group. She has served as the director of the Southeastern Vitreoretinal Seminar since 2019.

Daniel S. Casper, MD, PhD
Medical Reviewer
Before retiring from clinical practice in 2023, Dr. Casper practiced comprehensive medical ophthalmology at Columbia University Medical Center, specializing in diabetic eye disease.
He completed his ophthalmology training, including residency and fellowship, at Columbia and has been affiliated with the university in various capacities since 1986. Casper co-edited the books Orbital Disease: Imaging and Analysis and The Columbia Guide to Basic Elements of Eye Care, and was the senior editor and illustrator for both titles.

Yuying Luo, MD
Medical Reviewer
Yuying Luo, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Mount Sinai West and Morningside in New York City. She aims to deliver evidence-based, patient-centered, and holistic care for her patients.
Her clinical and research focus includes patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia; patients with lower gastrointestinal motility (constipation) disorders and defecatory and anorectal disorders (such as dyssynergic defecation); and women’s gastrointestinal health.
She graduated from Harvard with a bachelor's degree in molecular and cellular biology and received her MD from the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. She completed her residency in internal medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, where she was also chief resident. She completed her gastroenterology fellowship at Mount Sinai Hospital and was also chief fellow.
- Dry Eyes. Mayo Clinic. September 23, 2022.
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