The Timing of ADHD Meds

Amphetamine- and methylphenidate-based drugs are the first-choice medications used for treating many people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They are available in a generic iteration and under brand names such as Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. In their immediate-release forms they’re typically effective within an hour while the timed-release versions take about 12 hours.

There are additional treatment options, like nonstimulant medications for patients who cannot tolerate the approved stimulants. Talk therapy is also another approach used to manage the condition.

ADHD can affect individuals differently, and your healthcare provider can help you find a suitable option.

Stimulants can help you:

• Pay attention
• Reduce distraction and impulsivity
• Stay motivated

Short-Acting Stimulants for ADHD

Short-acting or immediate-release stimulants are formulated to be released into the body rapidly and wear off quickly, most usually lasting up to four hours.

As the effects of the medication diminish, some individuals experience “rebound,” a sudden drop in energy levels, severe hunger and low or depressed mood. Still, short-acting stimulants can be helpful if you need a medication boost or need help quickly.

The effects of long-acting stimulants can be more subtle than those of short-acting stimulants, but you'll feel the effects for a longer period of time. Despite containing the same amount of active ingredients as a short-acting medication, extended-release tablets are formulated to release some of their contents immediately and the rest after a few hours. This should result in a more consistent and longer-lasting effect.

Here are examples of long-acting ADHD stimulant medications, along with the times they take to work and how long they last.

While stimulants are effective for some people with ADHD, they have one major drawback: They are controlled drugs with the potential for dependence and misuse. Alternatively, nonstimulant medications are available. These are not controlled drugs and do not pose the same risk of dependence.

For some people, they're a useful long-term option. They help to manage ADHD by increasing norepinephrine levels. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a nonstimulant medication along with a stimulant ADHD drug to increase the efficacy of the stimulant.

For some people, they're a useful long-term option. They help to manage ADHD by increasing norepinephrine levels. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a nonstimulant medication along with a stimulant ADHD drug to increase the efficacy of the stimulant.

Nonstimulants can help improve:

• Reduced distraction
• Executive functioning (better able to manage daily tasks)
• Impulsive behavior

Here are some nonstimulants your healthcare provider might suggest.

Not all ADHD drugs suit everyone, and finding the proper medication and dosage may be a case of trial and error. Your healthcare provider will work with you to find a suitable option. Here are some tips to help you decide if medications are working.

Observation and Self-Awareness

Start by asking yourself or those around you if you are or seem to be:

• Focusing more than before
• Staying on task better
• Better able to sit still
• Listening to others more carefully
• Less prone to impulsive behavior

Keep a Journal

Keeping a journal can help you track any changes over time. Make a list of behaviors you’d like to work on and note if there’s any change. For instance, how many minutes can you sit still without needing to get up and walk around? Ask for feedback from loved ones and friends, and include their comments in your journal.

Know What to Expect From Your Meds

Medications can differ in their effects, and individual reactions may vary. Not all changes are immediate and significant especially when using non stimulants. Keep an eye out for the following:

• Immediate changes: You may notice improvements from the first day.
• Subtle changes: Some shifts may occur that are not obvious.
• Delayed changes: Certain medications take time to work, with gradual changes in brain chemistry leading to long-term, positive results.
  

If you’re unsure there are improvements, consult your healthcare provider. They may ask you to continue with the drug a little longer, or they may change your dose or medication type. Finding the most suitable treatment can take time, but each approach will help you get closer to your goal.

ADHD medications can have adverse effects, depending on factors such as the drug type and the individual using it.

Stimulant Drugs

• Elevated blood pressure and heart rate
• Anxiety and irritability in some people
• Possible risk of dependence and misuse
• Gastrointestinal issues, such as heartburn, constipation, bloating, nausea, and vomiting
• Decreased appetite, potentially leading to unintended weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Psychosis
• Cardiac disease
• Blurred vision and red or dry eyes
• Difficulty sleeping
• Headaches
• Mood changes
• Slower bone growth, usually resolving over time

Following your healthcare provider’s  instructions when using these drugs can help reduce the risk of severe effects, such as misuse. They can also help address other unwanted effects, possibly by changing the dose or medication.

Nonstimulant Drugs

• Fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Low appetite
• Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal pain
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Difficulty sleeping
• Changes in heart rate or blood pressure
• A rash
• Mood changes
  

Generally, these side effects are common with nonstimulant medications, but certain drugs will also have specific adverse effects. It's vital to speak with a healthcare provider about potential side effects and review the information provided in the drug package before taking any medication.

For many people, certain medications are effective in managing the symptoms of ADHD. A wide range of options are available, including stimulant and nonstimulant drugs.

Some medications provide almost instant relief, while others take longer but may lead to more subtle, long-term changes. The choice will depend partially on the individual and their needs. Working with a healthcare provider can help you work toward what’s best for you.